Meaning and Usage of "Indictment"

Definition

An indictment is a formal accusation that initiates a criminal prosecution, alleging that an individual has committed a crime.

Key Usage Considerations

• Used in legal proceedings to charge an individual with a specific offense.
• Must be supported by probable cause and evidence.
• Typically issued by a grand jury or a prosecutor after a preliminary investigation.

Figurative Meaning

In a figurative sense, "indictment" can also refer to something that strongly criticizes or exposes a flaw or wrongdoing:

The company's environmental record is an indictment of its lack of responsibility.

Etymology and History

The term "indictment" derives from the Latin phrase "indictare," meaning "to make known" or "to declare."

Historically, indictments were written accusations read aloud in court. Over time, they evolved into formal documents that serve as the basis for criminal prosecutions.

Legal Process

An indictment is typically the first step in the criminal justice process. Once an indictment is issued, the accused individual becomes a defendant and is entitled to certain legal rights and protections:

• The right to a speedy and fair trial
• The right to an attorney
• The right to remain silent

Types of Indictments

There are several types of indictments, including:

• True Bill Indictment: Issued by a grand jury after finding probable cause that a crime was committed.
• Direct Indictment: Filed by a prosecutor without a grand jury review.
• Superseding Indictment: Replaces an existing indictment with new or additional charges.

Consequences of an Indictment

An indictment has significant consequences for the accused individual, including:

• The possibility of arrest and detention
• The initiation of formal criminal proceedings
• Potential damage to reputation and livelihood

Conclusion

An indictment is a fundamental legal document that plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system. It serves as a formal accusation that triggers a prosecution and ensures that the accused individual receives due process and protection under the law.